Sorry, but some 'techno speak' is necessary ... best to say '403 error' rather than 'it showed some error'! The latter will beget only questions ... not explanations, suggestions or answers (possible solutions). ;)
The first line shared from the error_log:
[Sat Dec 01 09:21:32 2012] [error] [client 76.65.72.43] File does not exist: /home/ci8156/public_html/403.shtml, referer: http://uppercanadasailing.com/moodle/admin/settings.php?section=performance
Indicates there is no customized 403 error page configured for your apache server. That's OK. Many sites do not have customized error pages. But it does tell you '403' which is an apache 'permissions' error.
For more info on 403 pages: http://bit.ly/11gY0Eg
The second line shared shows:
Insufficient permissions: /home/ci8156/public_html/moodle/login/logout.php
It does tell you it's a permissions issue - insufficient permissions ... that could be ownership or execution.
Don't think you have to re-upload ... just get the ownerships and permissions set correctly for the apache web server to be able to serve out and execute moodle php scripts.
Check ownerships/permissions on the moodle code directory as well as the moodledata directory.
Ok, using cpanel. Sounds like we're also learning that. So here's tutorial provided by SiteGround:
https://www.siteground.com/tutorials/cpanel/
In particular and related to permissions problem:
https://www.siteground.com/tutorials/cpanel/file_permissions.htm
Caution: that's SiteGround - your provider, the folks that put together your server, might have a tutorial of their own. Best to use those.
Just to review where we are ... so we are on the same page ...
You are now attempting to get a new Moodle installed on the server ... correct? The server is a dedicated server (not shared) and it's hosted at????? GoDaddy?
in the 'spirit of sharing', Ken