In a nutshell ... nope! Sorry. By chance did you setup them up/or instruct how to backup? Or did they think to do that? ... sounds like a 'snowballs chance'.
Major problem would be with moodledata/filedir (new file system). Db would have references for files - humanly recognizable and their content hash. So even if one manually created a moodledata set up correct permissions for it Moodle will be looking for files/etc. (the DB tells it to) there and will throw many/many errors. One could manually rebuild directories (by studying those errors), but not the files. Would be surprised if one could get even the front page of Moodle to render properly.
You could try finding disk-recovery tools (for the OS - errr ... not mentioned) ... rebuilds what it can find if sectors of the drive upon which moodledata resided have not been over-written (re-used) by the OS. But you'd have to do that immediately or risk loosing most of it. That's about the only way of which am aware.
Best of luck!
'spirit of sharing', Ken